Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Addition Ammonia Assimilation Bacteria to a Biofloc System for Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Farming, Comparison of Growth Performance and Water Quality

Received: 19 December 2023     Accepted: 10 January 2024     Published: 5 February 2024
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Biofloc technology (BFT) system is a renovated and promising aquaculture system which allows aquaculture animals to be farmed at a high density with little or zero water exchange. The research objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of BFT with and without exogenous ammonia assimilation bacteria supplementation on water quality and Japanese eel growth performance. Two biofloc treatments (BFT groups) with and without Bacillus sp. addition (Group A and B, respectively) and one control (Group C, traditional aquaculture) were created. Corn starch and sodium bicarbonate were added regularly to maintain C/N ratio and alkalinity of the biofloc treatments. Eels (30±1.2g) were stocked in each pond of 30m3 for 60 days. The result showed that although all toxic nitrogen compound concentration in BFT groups were maintained at safe levels for eel culture during the experiment, bacteria addition could help the system maintain lower level of ammonia at a beginning period. The higher weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in BFT groups compared to control group. Especially, ammonia assimilation bacteria addition had a positive impact on water quality and eel production as the Group A showed the highest total biomass of 129.09 kg with the lowest FCR (feed conversion ratio) of 1.78. The present study revealed that Japanese eels can be reared effectively by biofloc technology with exogenous bacteria input.

Published in Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 12, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/abb.20241201.12
Page(s) 14-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

BFT, Japanese Eel Culture, Nitrogen Compound, Water Quality, Bacillus sp

References
[1] FAO, (2018). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Meeting the sustainable development goals. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
[2] Chen, Y., W. Lee, C. Chen, Y. Chen & I. C. Liao. (2006). Impact of externality on the optimal production of eel (Anguilla japonica) aquaculture in Taiwan. Aquaculture, (257). doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.004.
[3] Mellergaard, L. & Dalsgaard, I. (1987). Disease Problems in Danish Eel Farms. Aquaculture (67)
[4] Satoh, S. (2002). Eel, Anguilla spp., In: Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture. Webster, C. D., and C. Lim, (Eds.). CABI publishing, Wallingford, UK.
[5] Crab, R., Defoirdt, T., Bossier, P. & Verstraete, W. (2012). Biofloc technology in aquaculture: Beneficial effects and future challenges. Aquaculture (356) doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.046.
[6] Irshad Ahmad, A. M. Babitha Rani, A. K. Verma & Mudasir Maqsood. (2017). Biofloc technology: An emerging avenue in aquatic animal healthcare and nutrition. Aquaculture International (25). doi: 10.1007/s10499-016-0108-8.
[7] Dauda, A. B. (2019). Biofloc technology: a review on the microbial interactions, operational parameters and implications to disease and health management of cultured aquatic animals. Reviews in Aquaculture. doi: 10.1111/raq.12379.
[8] Hargreaves, J. A. (2013). Biofloc Production Systems for Aquaculture; Southern Regional Aquaculture Center: Stoneville, MS, USA, 4503.
[9] Schveitzer, R., Arantes, R., Costódio, P. F. S., Espírito Santo, C. M., Vinatea, L. A., Seiffert, W. Q. S. & Andreatta, E. R. (2013). Effect of different biofloc levels on microbial activity, water quality and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a tank system operated with no water exchange. Aquacultural Engineering (56). doi: 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.04.006.
[10] De Schryver, P., Crab, R., Defoirdt, T., Boon, N. & Verstraete, W. (2008). The basics of bioflocs technology: the added value for aquaculture. Aquaculture (277). doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.019.
[11] Pacheco-Vega, J. M., Cadena-Roa, M. A., Leyva-Flores, J. A., ZavalaLeal O. I., Perez-Bravo E.& Ruiz-Velazco J. M. (2018). Effect of isolated bacteria and microalgae on the biofloc characteristics in the Pacific white shrimp culture. Aquaculture Reports (11). doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.05.003.
[12] Sadi, NH., Agustiyani, D., Ali, F., Badjoeri, M. & Triyanto (2022). Application of Biofloc Technology in Indonesian Eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor Fish Culture. Water Quality Profile, IOP Conf. Ser, Earth Environ. Sci, 1062012006. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1062/1/012006.
[13] Ebeling, J. M., Timmons, M. B.& Bisogni, J. J. (2006). Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture (257). doi: 0.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.019.
[14] Hargreaves, J. A. (2006). Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering (34). doi: 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.08.009
[15] Sasaki, H., Yano, H., Sasaki, T.& Nakai, Y. (2005). A survey of ammonia-assimilating micro-organisms in cattle manure composting. Journal of Applied Microbiology (99). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02717.x.
[16] WuJie Xu, Timothy C. Morris & Tzachi M. Samocha. (2016). Effects of C/N ratio on biofloc development, water quality, and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in a biofloc-based, high-density, zero-exchange, outdoor tank system. Aquaculture, (453). doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.11.021.
[17] Furtado, P. S., Poersch, L. H., & Wasielesky, W. (2011). Effect of calcium hydroxide, carbonate and sodium bicarbonate on water quality and zootechnical performance of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc technology (BFT) systems. Aquaculture (321). doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.08.034.
[18] APHA. (2012). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, twenty-second ed. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, Washington D. C, USA.
[19] Mabroke R. S., Zidan A. E. N. F., Tahoun A. A., Mola H. R., Abo-State H. & Suloma A. (2021). Feeding frequency affect feed utilization of tilapia Fnder bioflc system condition during nursery phase. Aquaculture Reports, 19: 100625. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100625.
[20] YanFang Wei, ShaoAn Liao & AnLi Wang (2016). The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional composition, microbial community and structure of bioflocs. Aquaculture (465). doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.08.040.
[21] Ellis, T., H. Y. Yildiz., J. Lopez-Olmeda., M. T. Spedicato., L. Tort., O. Overli., & C. I. M. Martins. (2012). Cortisol and finfish welfare. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry (38). doi: 10.1007/s10695-011-9568-y.
[22] Wilson, J. M. (2014). Stress physiology. In: Eel physiology. Trischitta, F., Y. Takei & P. Sebert (Eds.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sin, C., Ri, Y., Kim, C., Rim, S., Rim, S., et al. (2024). Addition Ammonia Assimilation Bacteria to a Biofloc System for Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Farming, Comparison of Growth Performance and Water Quality. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 12(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/abb.20241201.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Sin, C.; Ri, Y.; Kim, C.; Rim, S.; Rim, S., et al. Addition Ammonia Assimilation Bacteria to a Biofloc System for Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Farming, Comparison of Growth Performance and Water Quality. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2024, 12(1), 14-18. doi: 10.11648/abb.20241201.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Sin C, Ri Y, Kim C, Rim S, Rim S, et al. Addition Ammonia Assimilation Bacteria to a Biofloc System for Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Farming, Comparison of Growth Performance and Water Quality. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2024;12(1):14-18. doi: 10.11648/abb.20241201.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/abb.20241201.12,
      author = {Chang-gon Sin and Yong-jin Ri and Chol Kim and Song-guk Rim and Su-chol Rim and Hui-won Kim},
      title = {Addition Ammonia Assimilation Bacteria to a Biofloc System for Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Farming, Comparison of Growth Performance and Water Quality},
      journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
      volume = {12},
      number = {1},
      pages = {14-18},
      doi = {10.11648/abb.20241201.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/abb.20241201.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.abb.20241201.12},
      abstract = {Biofloc technology (BFT) system is a renovated and promising aquaculture system which allows aquaculture animals to be farmed at a high density with little or zero water exchange. The research objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of BFT with and without exogenous ammonia assimilation bacteria supplementation on water quality and Japanese eel growth performance. Two biofloc treatments (BFT groups) with and without Bacillus sp. addition (Group A and B, respectively) and one control (Group C, traditional aquaculture) were created. Corn starch and sodium bicarbonate were added regularly to maintain C/N ratio and alkalinity of the biofloc treatments. Eels (30±1.2g) were stocked in each pond of 30m3 for 60 days. The result showed that although all toxic nitrogen compound concentration in BFT groups were maintained at safe levels for eel culture during the experiment, bacteria addition could help the system maintain lower level of ammonia at a beginning period. The higher weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in BFT groups compared to control group. Especially, ammonia assimilation bacteria addition had a positive impact on water quality and eel production as the Group A showed the highest total biomass of 129.09 kg with the lowest FCR (feed conversion ratio) of 1.78. The present study revealed that Japanese eels can be reared effectively by biofloc technology with exogenous bacteria input.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Addition Ammonia Assimilation Bacteria to a Biofloc System for Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Farming, Comparison of Growth Performance and Water Quality
    AU  - Chang-gon Sin
    AU  - Yong-jin Ri
    AU  - Chol Kim
    AU  - Song-guk Rim
    AU  - Su-chol Rim
    AU  - Hui-won Kim
    Y1  - 2024/02/05
    PY  - 2024
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/abb.20241201.12
    DO  - 10.11648/abb.20241201.12
    T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
    SP  - 14
    EP  - 18
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-4162
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/abb.20241201.12
    AB  - Biofloc technology (BFT) system is a renovated and promising aquaculture system which allows aquaculture animals to be farmed at a high density with little or zero water exchange. The research objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of BFT with and without exogenous ammonia assimilation bacteria supplementation on water quality and Japanese eel growth performance. Two biofloc treatments (BFT groups) with and without Bacillus sp. addition (Group A and B, respectively) and one control (Group C, traditional aquaculture) were created. Corn starch and sodium bicarbonate were added regularly to maintain C/N ratio and alkalinity of the biofloc treatments. Eels (30±1.2g) were stocked in each pond of 30m3 for 60 days. The result showed that although all toxic nitrogen compound concentration in BFT groups were maintained at safe levels for eel culture during the experiment, bacteria addition could help the system maintain lower level of ammonia at a beginning period. The higher weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in BFT groups compared to control group. Especially, ammonia assimilation bacteria addition had a positive impact on water quality and eel production as the Group A showed the highest total biomass of 129.09 kg with the lowest FCR (feed conversion ratio) of 1.78. The present study revealed that Japanese eels can be reared effectively by biofloc technology with exogenous bacteria input.
    
    VL  - 12
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, The State Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Department of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, The State Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Department of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, The State Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Department of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, The State Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Sciences, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Department of Daily Foods, Institute of Microbiology, The State Academy of Sciences, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Sections