Research Article
Grain Quality Responses of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgium L. var. durum) to N Fertilizer and Seed Rates
Bizuwork Tafes Desta*
,
Sisay Eshetu,
Almaz Meseret
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
50-57
Received:
19 June 2024
Accepted:
4 July 2024
Published:
15 August 2024
Abstract: In Ethiopia, knowledge about integrated seed and N fertilizer rates aimed at increasing the nutritional quality of durum wheat is limited. To full fill this gap, four levels of seed rate (i.e. 100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) and four levels of N rate (i.e. 0, 46, 92, and 138 kg ha-1) were arranged in randomized complete block design under two growing locations (environments). Results showed that the sole effects of the N fertilizer rate were a linear increment in hectoliter weight, gluten index (), and grain hardness under a high N rate. However sole effect of seed rate as well as the interaction effects of seed by N fertilizer rates did not have significant effects in all the tested grain nutritional qualities. On the other hand, interaction between the N rate and growing environment was found to be significant effects observed on the grain quality traits; grain protein content, wet, dry gluten, and gluten index were higher in Memirhager (low damp environment) combined with N application of 92 kg ha than Chefe Donsa site (high damp environment) even under higher N rate. The results of this research indicated that the aforementioned quality traits would be appreciably modified by N fertilizer, durum wheat should be grown in a low-damp environment. However, hectoliter weight, 1000-KW, and grain hardness were higher at the Chefe Donsa site. Therefore, an agronomist must consider the effects of nitrogen fertilizer, the environment, along their interaction, when aiming to optimize quality traits.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, knowledge about integrated seed and N fertilizer rates aimed at increasing the nutritional quality of durum wheat is limited. To full fill this gap, four levels of seed rate (i.e. 100, 125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) and four levels of N rate (i.e. 0, 46, 92, and 138 kg ha-1) were arranged in randomized complete block design under two growi...
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Research Article
Resistance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes Against Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami) in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Northwestern Ethiopia
Sintayehu Gedifew*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
58-66
Received:
15 July 2024
Accepted:
9 August 2024
Published:
30 August 2024
Abstract: Bacterial blight poses a significant threat to sesame production in Ethiopia, especially in regions with high rainfall. It causes yield reduction and affects seed quality by inducing premature leaf defoliation. To address these challenges, evaluating existing germplasm for disease resistance is crucial. This study assessed various sesame genotypes for resistance to bacterial blight and their performance in seed yield and seed yield related traits. Seventeen genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at Kamashi research sub-station. Resistance evaluations were conducted every 14 days from emergence up to 72 days, along with recording seed yield and related agronomic and morphological traits. The mean area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) varied from 673.86 to 825.01, indicating differing susceptibility levels to disease advancement. Approximately 46.67% of the tested genotypes exhibited lower AUDPC compared to Benishangul-1, a variety specifically developed for its adaptability and resistance for bacterial blight-prone regions. Initially, at 14 and 28 days after emergence (DAE), no noticeable bacterial blight symptoms were observed across the genotypes. However, at 42, 56, and 72 DAE, the average severity index steadily rose to 16.92%, 20.78%, and 27.71%, respectively. This transition from immunity to moderate susceptibility underscores the dynamic nature of disease progression and the significant challenge posed by bacterial blight in later sesame growth stages. Notably, significant differences (P<0.05) were noted in days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, plant height to the first branch, overall plant height, length of the capsule-bearing zone, and seed yield. This comprehensive evaluation offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity to improve crop performance and yield potential.
Abstract: Bacterial blight poses a significant threat to sesame production in Ethiopia, especially in regions with high rainfall. It causes yield reduction and affects seed quality by inducing premature leaf defoliation. To address these challenges, evaluating existing germplasm for disease resistance is crucial. This study assessed various sesame genotypes ...
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